dutton



N0. 626,32l. Patented June 6, I899. C. N. BUTTON.

AflUEDUCT.

(Application filed Aug. 28, 1898. (No Model.) 4 4 Sheets-Sheet I.

WITNESSES:

yaw/106% %&

m: NDRRXS PEYERS co, wuovaurnu. wAsmNnTum n. c

No. 626,32I. Patented lune 6, l899.,

0. N. BUTTON.

(Application filed Aug. 23, 1898.) (No Model.) (Sheets-Sheet 2.

Mule/52% INVENTyW I;

. Patented June 6, I899. C. N. BUTTON.

No. 626,32l.

A (IU E D U C T.

(Application filed Aug. 23, 1898.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

INVENTOR- m: "cams warm: co, wonxurnu. wnsmuamm n. c.

No. 626,32I. Patented June 6, I899.

v C. N. BUTTON.

AQUEDUCT.

(Application fil d Aug. 23, 1898.) (No Mudai.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Fla. /0.

WITNESSES:

yaw/6% M f fl m: noams warms co, mormurrda. wAsHmawu, n. c

m FFICE.

PATENT CHAUNCEY N. DUTTON, OF NElV YORK, N. Y.

AQUEDUCT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 626,321, dated June 6, 1899.

Application filed August 23, 1898. Serial No. 689.277. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHAUNOEY N. DUTTON, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful improvement in Aqueducts, of which improvement the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to aqueducts of the type of and is an improvement upon that set forth in an application for Letters Patent filed by me October 7, 1897, Serial No. 654,341; and its object is to facilitate and economize the construction of comparatively broad aqueducts of sufficient width to accommodate a number of boats side by side, as well as to provide improved means for ad mitting of the expansion and contraction of the longitudinal girders supporting the suspended floors under changes of temperature Without strain.

The improvement claimed is hereinafter fully set forth.

As in my application, Serial No. 65%,341, above referred to, the general principles of the construction of the aqueduct of my present invention are that the static load deflects the members as far as may be in one directionsay i nwardlyand induces compressive and tensile strains in the flange members, and when the members are rammed by vessels using the aqueduct the members are deflected in the opposite direction and the strains are reversed from those induced by the static load, those members which are under tension from static load having their strains reversed to compression and those under compression having them reversed to tension by the maximum impact which the structure is designed to resist. The drawings illustrate a wide aqueduct adapted to connect with a pair of looks with the greatest possible facility and theleast loss of time and permit the entry and exit of boats to and from the same, to which end there is provided a longitudinal partition extending centrally through the aqueduct at and for some distance from the locks to prevent boats getting crosswise in the aqueduct and to facilitate handling them, and as this structure may reasonably be expected to be rammed much more frequently than the sides of the aqueduct it is carefully designed on elastic principles, as shown in the drawings and hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic partial transverse sectionthrough an aqueduct embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a general transverse section through a Wide aqueduct; Fig. 3, a partial plan view of the same; Fig. 4, an enlarged transverse section through the central bay, showing the central elevated walk and the elastic buffers thereon; Fig. 5, a side view, partially in elevation and partly in section, of the same on a smaller scale; Fig. 6, a View in a horizontal plane on the line 00 0c of Fig. 4; Figs. 7, 8, and 9, views illustrating an expansionjoint interposed between the aqueduct ends of the intermediate longitudinal girders, Fig. 7 being a transverse View, Fig. 8 a longitudinal view relatively to the girders, and Fig. 9 a top View; and Fig. 10, a general plan showing the aqueduct and locks connected therewith.

The aqueduct of my present invention is similar in essential and governing principles to that described and claimed in my application above referred to, but differs therefrom in its application and has for some conditions decided advantages over it, and its use in such cases will result in a cheaper, more elastic, and stronger structure and which is, moreover, much easier to design and compute. As illustrated in the diagram Fig. 1, the main frame 1 is pivoted at the bottom on a pin 100, which is suitably supported on a pedestal or shoe 1. The upper extension of the frame is suitably connected with the side walls 2 of the aqueduetand with a suspended floor 3, attached at its edges to the side walls and to the frames, said floor being entirely without framing and hanging in a curve of equilibrium and exerting an inward pull in the direction of the arrow upon the walls and supports in the plane of its attachment thereto. Beneaththefloorand extendingsubstantially horizontally from the support 1 is an arm 4, which in this instance is shown as extending inwardly beneath the aqueduct, but may extend outwardly or be inclined in any desired direction without departure from the general principle of the construction. The

frame 1, together with the arm 4, constitutes what is practically a bell-crank lever, the far end of the arm 4 being pivotally connected to a rigid supportas, for example, byalink 41, which is pivoted to an arm 4 by a pin 40 in tension.

and at the other end to a pin which pivots it upon a rigid bodyin this case shown as the bottom of one of the intermediate col umns of the aqueduct. The operation of this construction is as follows: The water contained in the aqueduct presses upon the suspended floor 3 and induces tension therein and an inward pull upon the supports and side walls 1 and 2 in the plane of their attachment to thefioor and at the same time exerts hydrostatic pressure outwardly upon the side walls, as indicated by arrows in Fig. l. The aqueduct is so proportioned that the moment of the inward pull exceeds the outward moments of the hydrostatic pressure and the outhanging weightsand'the resultant of the two forces tends to rotate the frame inwardly upon its supporting-pin 100. Thisinward excess of force is resisted by the stiffness of the arm 4 and the liIlk-and-pin connection at the end thereof, the frame tending to rotate inwardly about the pin 100 and such tendency bfilllg resisted by the arm 4 and the link-andpin. Connection of its far end, the link being deflected in the direction of the force as far is compatible with the elastic resistance of the arm 4, the upper flange of which is at such time in compression and the lower flange If new the sidewall be rammed by a boat, the force of such impact will rotate. the side wall and the frame 1 outwardly in oppoSition to the pull of the floor 3, and if the moment of such force exceed the moment of the pull in the fioor the arm 4 will be deflected in the opposite direction, the strains in its flanges will be reversed, its upper-flange beingsubjected to tension and its lower flange to compression, and the link 41 will be rotated about the pin 40 in the, direction of the force through as great an are as is coinpati+ ble with the elastic resistance of the arm 4, It, will be seen that the deflection of the arm 4 is the measure of the motion of the frame and side of the aqueduct, that this deflection can besthe greatest which the metal is susceptible of without injury, and that the motion due. to he deflection can be multiplied as many times as desirable by suitably pro.- portioning the length of the arm 4 and by changing the angle of inclination of the link 41 relatively to the line joining the centers of thepins 100 and 40. s I

The above-described construction presents the following advantages over the wide aqueduct construction shown in Figs, 27 to 31, inclusive, of my application, Serial No, 654,341, abo er ed to:

Firs ii-G n be made very much more elastie with the same weight and dimensions. By Changing theposition and angle of inclination of the link 41 relatively to the line joining the centers of the pin 100, on which the frame 1 tates, and the pin 40, which connects the arm. 4 With the link 41, the motion due to the elasticity of the frame itself can be multiplied as many times asis desirable. For example, if the pin 4O were in line with the pins 40 and 100 the motion of the frame 1 and the side walls would be maximum, and as the angle of inclination of the link 41 with said line is increased the motion of the frame is decreased with the same elastic deflection of its members, and by giving said link a suitable inclination any desired motion of the frame can be obtained.

Second. The designing and proportioning of the aqueduct are greatly facilitated. The most economical design is one in which the strains due to the static load are one-half of those due to the impact, so thatthe flange strains will exactly reverse in character and in amount when the maximum blowis struck, thus developing the full elasticity of the material. If the proportions made desirable by other considerations .do not result in the proper ratio between the static and impact moments with the pin 100 in the position and the link 41 making the angle shown in the drawings, then such desired ratio can be readily obtained by shifting the pin 100 either inwardly or outwardly or by changing the angle of inclination of the link 41, orby both, as the conditions of the particular case under consideration may render most expedient. Third. The character and amount of the strains are more readily determinable and the necessary calculations are of a simpler character. v

Fourth. The recoil of the side wall subsequent to the blow is cushioned quite as effectively as the blow itself.

Fig. 10 shows the combination of an aqueduct of the above construction with a pair of locks. In order that the time lost in the entry and exit of boats to and from the locks may be the least possible, it is desirable that the aqueduct be of considerable width and that the boat coming out of the looks into the aqueduct begotten out of the way as speedily as possible, so that the boats about to enter the locks may be detained the shortest time. It is intended, therefore, that the boats about to enter the locks should be drilled parallel with and alongside of the side walls of the aqueduct and that the boats coming into the aqueduct from the locks should swing toward thecenter of the aqueduct.

Incoming boats will inevitably collide with greater or less force with the longitudinal central partition structure S of the aqueduct, and it is therefore necessary that said structure be very carefully proportioned to sustain the impact of boats. This structure audits connection with the framing of the aqueduct are illustrated in Figs. 2 to 6, inclusive. The aqueduct is framed witha series of intermediate longitudinal girders 50 and supporting-columns 50. The floors 3 of thebays, except the central one, are suspended, as before described; but the central bay is constructed with transverse girders 52, connected to and supported by the adjacent longitudinal girders 50. A frame 53 is connected to each of the girders 52, said frames forminga longitudinal partition structure S, on which are supported the elastic buffers 55, which receive and cushion the impact of vessels and which may also support an elevated walk 54. It would be practically impossible to build a structure in which each of the frames 53 and supporting-girders 52 could receive and sustain safely the impact of a boat without straining the structure so as to cause leaks. The structure is therefore so designed that theimpact is distributed over a large number of frames 53 and girders 52, and the strain of each individual frame and girder is a small proportionsa y one-tenth of the strain due to the impact. The frames 53 therefore are light in their construction relatively to the girders 52, so that if by accident the entire impact were delivered to one frame it would be torn from its connections and overturned. Longitudinal timber plategirders 56 are built in and supported by the frames, and the bearings of the buffers 55 are on the girders 56, which are very much stiffer than the frames 53. In order to eliminate expansion and contraction without introducin g unsupported points by cutting the girders 56, as would be necessary were they made of steel, the girders 56 are framed of timber, their web members 56 being of two layers of stout plank inclined oppositely at angles of forty-ii ve degrees with the axis of the girder 56, as best shown in Fig. 6, and the flange members 56 are made of joist in layers securely fastened to the web members with joints carefully broken.

In order that the girders 56 may be readily constructed, they are made inside of the frames 53, and intermediate supporting-timbers 56 are interposed between the flanges thereof and the buffers 55. In the construction of the buffers 55 it is desirable to secure the greatest possible elasticity, which is obtained by laminating them or making them in layers. Single timbers which are heavy enough would be too stiff, and the buffers are therefore made in a plurality of layersin this case four in number. The inner layer 55 is inclined at an angle of forty-five degrees in one direction-say from right to left. The second layer 55 is inclined in the opposite direct-ionsay left to right. The third and fourth layers 55 and 55 are disposed one vertically and the other horizontally, the inner one being preferably vertical and the outer horizontal, although this exact order may be varied in the discretion of the constructor without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. The lower ends of the timbers of the buffers 55 on opposite sides of the frames are preferably connected at the bottom by frames 155, and they are also preferably connected at the top by screw-bolts 156, attached to caps 157, which are attached dilrectly to the upper ends of the timbers. In erecting the structure the transverse girders 52 are set. The frames are then connected thereto, and the timber plate-girders 56 are built in place, after which the frames 155 are laid upon the girders 52. The lower ends of the timbers composing the buffers 55 are then inserted in or connected with the frames 155. The upper caps 157 are then placed upon or connected with the upper ends of the buffertimbers, and the bolts 156 are tightened up, so as to put the buffers under initial stress and bring them in contact with the supporting-timbers 56, so that they will bear upon and be supported by the plate-girders 56.

The operation of the construction above described is as follows: Boats colliding with a buffer for example, that on the left-hand side would deliver their impact upon the longitudinal timbers 55, which would yield at the point of impact and distribute the blow over a considerable number of the elastic vertical timbers 55. These timbers in turn would yield and distribute the impact over all the inclined timbers 55 and 55 immediately beneath them, which would convey the strains away in diagonal lines to their points of contact with or support upon the girders 56, thus distributing the strain in a figure somewhat resembling the letter X and over a considerable length of the girders 56, which in turn would distribute it over a great number of the frames 53. Connecting the ends of the buffers 55 by the frames 155 and the bolts 156 calls into play the elasticity of both the buffers to resist a blow delivered to one buffer and to a certain extent tends to make the strains in the frames 53 self-contained and to resist the twisting moment on the girders 52, for when the boat collides with the buffer on one sidesay the left-hand side-it deflects the central part of said buffer inwardly and tends to move its ends outwardly, and because of the connection of the ends of the buffers by the frames 155 and bolts 156 the ends of the other buffers are deflected inwardly. The spring of the buffer on the opposite side permits the ends of the buffer which is struck to move outwardly, and so increases its possible deflection and equalizes its resisting force, and at the same time the pull exerted on the opposite buffer from that struck causes said buffer to exert pressure on the girders 56 in opposition to the pressure exerted thereon by the girder which is subjected to the blow, and thus reduces the strains in the frame to the difference between the opposite pressures exerted by the buffers.

It is well known that the elasticity of beams is strictly as the cubes of their lengths and, inversely, as the cubes of their depths. It will thus be seen that laminating the buffers vastly increases their elasticity and that inclining the two inner layers 55 and 55" increases the length of those parts of the girders 56 to which the force of the blow is delivered and facilitates its distribution overa great number of the frames 53.

To recapitulate: The blow delivered to one side of the structure S is cushioned by the combined elasticity of the flexible laminated buffers 55, which distribute its effect over a considerable length of the horizontal plategirders 56, and these plate-girders 56 are very stiff relatively to the frames 53, so that the deflection of any one frame undera given load is many times the deflection of the girders 56 under such load, and therefore it will require the combined resistance of a large number of the frames 53 to absorb the force yond the sides thereof suffic'ien'tly to permit 1 of the insertionof rivets to connect the floorplates 3' thereto. At the adjacent ends of two of the girders 50,- Where it is desiredto provide for expansion, the cover-plates are flanged into' vertical risers 50. Galkingtween the cover-plates 50 and the floor-plates 3', and outside plates'15'0, the ends of which project beyond the middle parts of the plates, are bent over the risers 50 of the cover-plates 50 and united thereto by small angles 150. The ends of the plates 150 lap. over and are riveted to the floor-plates It will be seen that this construction exposes theedges of the plates to the calking-tool, at least one such edge being exposed in every partot' the joint, and that ample provision is made for securely riveting the plates together and-th eirf perfect c'alking to insure water-tight joints,- and the deflection or buckling of the unsup= ported plates permits expansion and con Additional protection against leakage is atforded by bendinga plate 151 into a trough form and riveting it to the risers" 50 the ends beingleft open, and by packing the space between the'plate 15l,.t'hecover-plate'150, and

the" risers 5O with cellulose.- The flexibility of the plates 150 and the riser 50 will permit expansion and contraction Without inducing severe temperature strains in any part of the structure. The connection of the girders 50 with the columns 50 is such as to admit of theexpansi-on and contraction of the girders.

. To that end the corn'erangle's' of the columns are'extended upwardly and riveted to the web plates of the girders 50, and a batten-plate 50 is placed a considerable distance below the" bottom flanges of the girders, as best shown in Fig. 0, so that the corner angles above the batten-plates are openedor sprung sufficiently to compensate for the expansion and contraction of the girders 50.

cure by Letters Patent 1. In an aqueduct, the'c'o-inbination of supports or frames, side Walls, and a suspended floor, these members being disposed and connected so that the moments due to the weight carried by the floor shall be inward, and means for interposing an elastic resistance to outward movement of the supports under the action of impactthereon.

2. Inan aqueduct, the combination of supports or frames, side walls, and a suspended floor, these members being disposed and con nected so that the moments due to the weight carried by the floor shall be inward, and elastic' connections between the supports and fixed bearings.

3. In an'aqueduct, the combination of a sup port, a side wall and a suspended floor connected thereto, a pivotal bearing for the support, and an arm which is rigidly connected to the support and pivotally connected to a fixed bearing.

4. In an aqueduct, the combination of a sup port, substantially in bell-crank form, a side Wall and a suspended floor connected to one 5 bell-crank arm of said support, a connection pivoting the other bell-crank arm to a fixed plates 50 to facilitate calking are placed be- 1 bearing, and abearing about which the sup- 5; In an-aqueduct, the'combination ofasup port, a side Wall and a suspended floor connected thereto, a pivotal bearing for the support,- an arm rig-idly con nected to' the support, l a fixed bearing, and a link pivotally connected to said fixed bearing and to the arm.

6; Inan aqueduct, the combination of a cen ;tral and side floors, girders supporting the central floor, a longitudinal partition structure, composed of frames supported on said girders, and means for distributing strains of impact over a plurality of said frames and v I I transverse girders. traction without involving severe strains.

7. In an aqueduct, the combination of a central and side floors, girders supporting the central floor, a partition structure, composed of frames supported on said girders, and flexible, laminated, impact-buffers connected to said partition structure.

8. In an aqueduct, the combination of a cen- ;tral and side floors, girders supporting the central fioor,a partition structure, composed of frames supported on said transverse gird- ;ers, and impact-buffers connected to said 3 frames and made up of a plurality of layers of timber, one or more of which is inclined relatively to the frames.

9.- Inan' aqueduct, the combination of a central and side floors, girders supporting the central floor, a partition structure composed of frames supported on said girders, longitui dina-l girders connected to the frames at the upper and lowerportions thereof, and flexijble, laminated, im'paot-buifers connected to the outer sides of the frames.

I claim as my invention and desire to sei 10. In an aqueduct, the combination of a and flanged into vertical risers, and cap-plates connected to the risers of said cover-platcs and to the floor-sections.

11. In an aqueduct, the combination of a floor, girders, cover-plates connected to the adjacent ends of said girders and flanged into vertical risers, calking-plates interposed be tween the cover-plates and floor-sections, and cap-plates connected to the risers of said cover-plates and to the calking-plates and floor-sections.

12. In an aqueduct, the combination of a floor, girders, cover plates connected to the adjacent ends of said girders and flanged into vertical risers, cap'plates, connected to the risers of said eover'plates and to the floor-sections, and lower trough-plates connected to the risers and providing a space for the reception of packing.

13. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders supported on and extending over a plurality of said frames, and elastic buffers supported on said girders.

1st. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders supported on said frames, and laminated timber buffers supported on said girders.

15. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders extending over and supported on two or more of said frames, and buffers supported on said girders said bufiers being made of timber, in layers, the timber in each layer being inclined relatively to the timbers in another layer.

16. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders extending over and supported by two or more of said frames, and buffers on each side of said girders and supported thereby, and having their ends extending beyond the girders and connected.

17. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders supported by said frames and extending over a number of them, and laminated timber buffers on both sides supported on said girders with their ends extending beyond and connected.

18. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders supported on said frames and extending over a number of them, laminated timber buffers on each side of said girders, supported thereby, and having their ends extending beyond them and connected, and means for putting the buffers in initial stress.

19. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a plurality of frames, girders supported on and extending over a number of said frames, said girders being stiff relatively to the frames, and an elastic buffer supported on said girders.

20. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an aqueduct, a partition framed therein, a Walk on said partition, a series of frames, girders supported on said frames and stiff relatively thereto, laminated timber buffers supported on said girders, the timber of each layer of a buffer being inclined relatively to the other layers, the ends of the buffers extending beyond the girders and connected, and means for putting the buffers in initial stress.

Cl-IAUNOEY N. DUTTON.

Witnesses:

PAUL F. DIEDRICH, PAUL Sensor. 

